Science — Class 10
Physics: 26 M | Chemistry: 26 M | Biology: 28 M
Section I: Physics
26 marksUnit 1: Light — Reflection and Refraction
8 marksLight — Reflection and Refraction
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors; image formation; use of spherical mirrors. Sign conventions for spherical mirrors; relation between focal length and radius of curvature; mirror formula (Numerical Problems); magnification. Refraction of light, refraction through a glass slab, refractive index, conditions for no refraction. Spherical lenses, image formation, sign conventions, lens formula (Numerical Problems), magnification (Numerical Problems), power of a lens (Numerical Problems).
Unit 2: The Human Eye and the Colourful World
5 marksThe Human Eye and the Colourful World
Human eye; power of accommodation; defects of vision and their correction. Glass prism (refraction and dispersion). Atmospheric refraction — twinkling of stars and colour of sun at sunrise and sunset.
Unit 3: Electricity
6 marksElectricity
Concept of electric charge. Electric current; electric potential and potential difference. Ohm's law and experimental verification; resistance and its dependence; combination of resistances (series and parallel) (Numerical Problems). Heating effect of current — electric power and energy (Numerical Problems).
Unit 4: Magnetic Effects of Current
7 marksMagnetic Effects of Current
Oersted's experiment; magnetic field and field lines. Magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor — straight, coil (loop) and solenoid (qualitatively). Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Domestic electric circuits.
Section II: Chemistry
26 marksUnit I: Chemical Reactions and Equations
6 marksChemical Reactions and Equations
Chemical equation, writing of chemical equation; balancing chemical equations. Types of chemical reactions: combination reactions; decomposition reactions; displacement reactions; double displacement reactions; oxidation and reduction. Effects of oxidation and reduction reactions in everyday life — corrosion and rancidity.
Unit II: Carbon and its Compounds
8 marksCarbon and its Compounds
Bonding in carbon, covalent bond, allotropes of carbon. Versatile nature of carbon; saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons; chains, branches and rings; homologous series and its characteristics; nomenclature of carbon compounds. Chemical properties of carbon compounds: combustion; oxidation; addition and substitution reactions. Important carbon compounds: Ethanol and Ethanoic acid. Properties of Ethanol and Ethanoic acid. Soaps and detergents.
Unit III: Metals and Non-metals
7 marksMetals and Non-metals
Physical properties of metals and non-metals. Chemical properties of metals like action of water, air, acids, salts; reactivity series of metals. Cause of reactivity of metals and non-metals. Properties of ionic compounds. Occurrence of metals; their extraction, enrichment of ores. Extraction of metals in accordance with activity series; refining of metals. Corrosion of metals and its prevention.
Unit IV: Acids, Bases and Salts
5 marksAcids, Bases and Salts
Idea about acids and bases; chemical properties of acids and bases — action of metals, metal carbonates, metal hydrogen carbonates (only in case of acids), metallic acids, non-metallic acids and bases. Similarities in acids and bases; reaction of acids and bases with water. Strength of acid and base solutions; pH and its importance. Idea of salts, their family and pH. Chemicals from common salts: Sodium hydroxide, Baking soda and Washing soda; hydrated salts; Plaster of Paris.
Section III: Biology
28 marksUnit 1: Life Processes
8 marksLife Processes
What are life processes? Nutrition — autotrophic nutrition, heterotrophic nutrition, how do animals obtain their nutrition, nutrition in human beings. Respiration. Transportation in plants. Excretion in human beings and in plants.
Unit 2: Control and Co-ordination
6 marksControl and Co-ordination
Animals — nervous system, reflex action, human brain; how are these tissues protected; how does nervous tissue cause action. Coordination in plants, immediate response to stimulus, movements due to growth. Hormones in animals.
Unit 3: How do Organisms Reproduce
6 marksHow do Organisms Reproduce
Do organisms create exact copies of themselves? The importance of variation. Modes of reproduction used by unicellular organisms — fission, fragmentation, regeneration, vegetative propagation, budding, spore formation. Sexual reproduction: why the sexual mode of reproduction; sexual reproduction in flowering plants; reproduction in human beings — male and female reproductive systems; what happens when the egg is not fertilised; reproductive health.
Unit 4: Heredity
3 marksHeredity
Accumulation of variation during reproduction. Heredity: inherited traits, rules for the inheritance of traits, Mendel's contribution. How do these traits get expressed? Sex determination.
Unit 5: Our Environment
5 marksOur Environment
What happens when we add our waste to the environment? Ecosystem — what are its components; food chains and webs. How do our activities affect the environment? Ozone layer and how it is getting depleted. Managing the garbage we produce.