Biology ā Class 11
Section A: Botany
35 marksUnit I: Diversity of Life
9 marksBiodiversity and Classification
Variety of living organisms; need and history of classification ā artificial, natural and phylogenetic classifications. Biosystematics: taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; herbarium. Two kingdom and five kingdom classifications and their merits and demerits; general characters and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi; lichens; status of viruses and viroids.
Unit II: Kingdom Plantae
9 marksPlant Classification and Morphology
Classification of plants into major groups; general characters of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms and their classes. Morphology of flowering plants and their function: morphology of root, stem and leaf (without their modifications); morphology of inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae.
Unit III: Plant Anatomy
5 marksTissue Systems in Plants
Epidermal, ground and vascular tissue systems; anatomy and functions of dicot and monocot root, stem and leaves.
Unit IV: Plant Physiology
12 marksRespiration
Cellular respiration; glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and electron transport system (along with ATP energetics); chemiosmotic hypothesis; aerobic and anaerobic respirations; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
Photosynthesis
Historical background; site of photosynthesis; photosynthetic pigments; mechanism of photosynthesis ā light dependent phase (light reaction), photosystems; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylations; light independent (biosynthetic) phase ā Calvin (Cā) cycle and Hatch & Slack (Cā) cycle; factors affecting photosynthesis; photorespiration.
Plant Growth and Development
Characteristics of plant growth; phases of growth, growth rate, growth curve; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; plant growth regulators; discovery and physiological effects of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and abscissic acid.
Section B: Zoology
35 marksUnit I: Diversity in Living World
8 marksAnimal Kingdom
General characters and classification of animals (non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to the level of class). National parks with special reference to Dachigam, Kishtwar, Salim Ali, Kazinag and Hemis. Concept of sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.
Unit II: Structural Organisation and Animal Biomolecules
7 marksMorphology and Anatomy of Frog
Morphology, anatomy and functions of digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems of frog.
Biomolecules and Enzymes
Basic chemical constituents of living bodies; biomolecules: structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids; primary and secondary metabolites. Enzymes: types, properties and functions.
Unit III: Cell Structure and Function
8 marksCell Biology
Cell: brief description of cell; cell theory; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, cell wall, membrane and cell organelles (plastids, mitochondria, E.R., Golgi, ribosomes, lysosomes, nucleus, vacuoles, centrioles and cytoskeleton); cilia and flagella; nuclear organisation.
Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis.
Unit V: Human Physiology
12 marksBreathing and Respiration
Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans; respiratory volume; exchange of gases and their transport; respiratory disorders.
Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood; blood groups and Rh factor; lymph; human circulatory system; cardiac cycle and ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system.
Excretory Products and their Elimination
Modes of excretion; human excretory system; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function; urinary disorders; artificial kidney.
Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement; muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction (mechanism); skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems.
Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans; nerve impulse.
Chemical Coordination and Integration
Human endocrine system; hormones of heart, kidney and G.I. tract; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); hormonal disorders.