Chemistry — JEE
27 Units (Physical · Inorganic · Organic)
Physical Chemistry
Unit 1: General Topics
Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton's atomic theory; mole concept; chemical formulae; balanced chemical equations; calculations (based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions; concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
Unit 2: Gaseous and Liquid States
Absolute scale of temperature, ideal gas equation; deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation; kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature; law of partial pressures; vapour pressure; diffusion of gases.
Unit 3: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom, quantum numbers; Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis; Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom, shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36); Aufbau principle; Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule. Orbital overlap and covalent bond; hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only; Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species; Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only); VSEPR model and shapes of molecules.
Unit 4: Energetics
First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work; Enthalpy, Hess's law; Heat of reaction, fusion and vapourization; Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Free energy; Criterion of spontaneity.
Unit 5: Chemical Equilibrium
Law of mass action; Equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier's principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure); Significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium; Solubility product, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; Acids and bases (Brønsted and Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts.
Unit 6: Electrochemistry
Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard electrode potentials; Nernst equation and its relation to ΔG; Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday's laws of electrolysis; Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch's law; Concentration cells.
Unit 7: Chemical Kinetics
Rates of chemical reactions; Order of reactions; Rate constant; First order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius equation).
Unit 8: Solid State
Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed structure of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects.
Unit 9: Solutions
Henry's law; Raoult's law; Ideal solutions; Colligative properties: lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure; van't Hoff factor and abnormal molar mass.
Unit 10: Surface Chemistry
Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding adsorption isotherms); Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples).
Inorganic Chemistry
Unit 11: Isolation / Preparation and Properties of Non-metals
Boron and its compounds: borax, boric acids, boron hydrides; Aluminium: uses, reactions with acids and alkalis; Carbon: diamond, graphite, fullerenes; Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon carbide; Nitrogen: preparation, properties and uses; Phosphorus: allotropic forms; Oxygen: preparation, properties and uses; Sulphur: allotropic forms; Silicon: uses of silicon in electronics.
Unit 12: Preparation and Properties of Compounds
Oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium; Boron: borax, boric acid, boron hydrides; Aluminium: halides, oxides; Carbon: preparation and properties of CO and CO₂; Silicon: silicones, silicates, silicon carbide; Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids, and ammonia; Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids and phosphine; Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide; Sulphur: oxides, oxyacids (structure only) and thionic acids; Halogens: hydrohalides, oxyacids and interhalogen compounds.
Unit 13: Transition Elements (3d series)
Definition, general characteristics, oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment; Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, cis-trans and ionisation isomerisms, hybridisation and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).
Unit 14: Preparation and Properties of Compounds
Oxides and chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides, chlorides and sulphates of Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺; Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate.
Unit 15: Ores and Minerals
Commonly occurring ores and minerals of iron, copper, tin, lead, magnesium, aluminium, zinc and silver.
Unit 16: Extractive Metallurgy
Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial details excluded); Carbon reduction method (iron and tin); Self-reduction method (copper and lead); Electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminium); Cyanide process (silver and gold).
Unit 17: Principles of Qualitative Analysis
Groups I to V (only Ag⁺, Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺, Al³⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Mg²⁺); Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate, sulphide and sulphite.
Organic Chemistry
Unit 18: Concepts
Hybridisation of carbon; σ and π bonds; Shapes of simple organic molecules; Structural and geometrical isomerism; Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres (R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only functional group priority; carboxylic acid, amine, ketone, aldehyde, alcohol, and ether); Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections); Resonance and hyperconjugation; Keto-enol tautomerism; Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion method); Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids; Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides; Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
Unit 19: Preparation, Properties and Reactions of Alkanes
Homologous series, physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and density); Combustion and halogenation of alkanes; Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions.
Unit 20: Preparation, Properties and Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
Physical properties of alkenes and alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments); Acidity of alkynes; Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination); Reactions of alkenes with KMnO₄ and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions; Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X₂, HX, HOX and H₂O (X = halogen); Addition reactions of alkynes; Metal acetylides.
Unit 21: Reactions of Benzene
Structure and aromaticity; Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of directing groups (o-, m- and p-) in monosubstituted benzenes.
Unit 22: Phenols
Acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions (halogenation, nitration and sulphonation); Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe reaction.
Unit 23: Characteristic Reactions
Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions. Alcohols: esterification, dehydration and oxidation, reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl₂/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones. Ethers: preparation by Williamson's synthesis. Aldehydes and ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; aldol condensation, Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro reaction; haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions. Carboxylic acids: formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis. Amines: basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic amines, preparation from nitro compounds, reaction with nitrous acid, azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines, Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; carbylamine reaction. Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and benzyne mechanism; Grignard reactions of haloarenes.
Unit 24: Carbohydrates
Classification; mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose); Oxidation, reduction, glycoside formation and hydrolysis of sucrose.
Unit 25: Amino Acids and Peptides
General structure (only primary structure for peptides) and physical properties.
Unit 26: Properties and Uses of Some Important Polymers
Natural rubber, cellulose, nylon, teflon and PVC.
Unit 27: Practical Organic Chemistry
Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro; Chemical methods of separation of mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.